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Linguistics

Linguistics is the science of learning that discusses language that includes the context and meaning of a language. Linguistics is very important becaus in this material there are aspects that are grammatical in speaking and writing. In linguistics we discuss how to analyze language so that it can be used as neede. Need to be known together that linguistics not only learns about how language is but also learns how the characteristics of language as a whole and are universal. For this linguistic material has a lot of field specifications and detailed fiels of language even deeper. The inventor of linguistics is Ferdinand de Suassure (1857-1913), which is summarized in his book entitled Course de Linguistics Generation. This book was first published in 1916.

Linguistics is grouped into two major branches namely pure and applied linguistics, which both branches have small points in it. Pure linguistics discusses how language is used universally, while applied linguistics is more specific in order to achieve certain goals. The following is an explanation of the two branches of linguistics:

§   Pure linguistics 

1.        Phonetics

The study of the subject of sound, how consonants from various languages and in this section we can know that the vowels of language are very diverse even there are words that have the same vowel but have different meanings. For example the sound (e) on an apel,the vocal (e) here can be of two meanings  namely fruit and ceremony. Another example that we can see, that is Tahu. Tahu here has two meanings. The first is to Tahu it means to understand something, the second is Tahu made from soy as food.

2.        Phonology 

The description of the systems and pattemss speech sounds in a language, based on a theory of what every speaker of a language unconsciosly knows about the sound patterns of that language.

3.        Morphology

The study of the smallest parts of a language that has meaning in it (morpheme). Morpheme is used as a differentiator of meaning by combining the morphome with a word that has a lexical meaning which will later get a new meaning from the merger. Example Books, in the word Books the ending Books is addend (s) as a sigh that the object is plural. In indonesian there are also morphemes.

  

4.        Syntax

In this section we will learn about language patterns so that whwn we make sentences , our phrases are good and of course sentences wiil be more organized and comfortable to read by the reader. In this section we begin to know how phrases are formed.

5.        Lexicology 

Lexicology is the part of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of the language and the properties of words as the main units of language. Please know yes, compiling the dictionary has knowledge of the procedures. This section discusses dictionary compilition.

6.        Semantics

Semantics is the study of the meaning of words. The means in one word there are several different types of meanings. For example there is one word tahat can be called homonym and polysemy, or something else. Basically the same word but the meaning contained can be different. Example the word (kepala), can be said of the kepala of the scool, the kepala of man, and kepala of the household.

§   Applied linguistics

1.        Pragmatic

Pragmatic are usually the form of utterances from someone who has subtle satirical meanings addressed to someone because of something that is considered less pleasing. For example when studying in class a cool student tells a story when the teacher explains, then the teacher also says if we want people to respect us we should respect others first. In this example it means that students are told to be quit listening to the teacher explain.

2.        Sociolinguistics

The study of the relationship between society and language. The relationshipabout how the community interacts according to the conditions in which and with whom the community is speaking.  For example Malay people naturally pirate at home, while outside they use Indonesian to interact, because not everyone undestands that we use piracy. Similarly in formal places national languages must be used. 

3.        Psycholinguistics

Psycholinguisticcs also has to do with language, from an early age children have learned the natural language of parents.

4.        Etnolinguistics

While sociolinguistics about the relationship between society and language, this time etnolinguistics discusses the culture of the community with the language used. Culture is the language that we use, because when we have a culture, the language will  immediately be organized. 

5.        Linguistic appeal

Learn about the comparison of how to compare one language with another language but seen from the aspect of its time. 

6.         Forensic linguistics

Linguistics turns out to be specifically used by the police in expressing various crimes or the honesty of the suspect or witness involved, this is what is called forensic kinguistics. This is where the police can express freely.

7.        Linguistic teaching

In the linguistic learning process also take part in it, how the learning methods are correct for each learning to be taught. 

8.        Komputational linguistics

Computer science is very much needed in this section, because working on foreign languages needs to be called a dictionary or google translate application.